跳球和交替拥有Jump ball and alternating possession
1. 跳球定义 Jump ball definition
1.1 一名裁判员主(导)裁判员位于中圈，在任意两名互为对方队的队员之间将球抛起开始第1节时，一次跳球出现。（案例1）
1.1 A jump ball occurs when an official tosses the ball in the centre circle between any 2 opponents at the beginning of the first quarter.
1.2 互为对方队中的一名或多名队员将一手或双手紧紧地抓住球，以至于不通过粗野的动作任一队员都不能获得控制球时，一次争球出现（案例2）
1.2 A held ball occurs when one or more players from opposing teams have one or both hands firmly on the ball so that neither player can gain control without undue roughness.
2. 跳球程序 Jump ball procedure
2.1 每一名跳球员的双脚应站在靠近他球队本方球篮一侧的中圈半圆内，并一脚靠近中线。
2.1 Each jumper shall stand with both feet inside the half of the centre circle nearest to his own basket with one foot close to the centre line
2.2 如果一名对方队的队员希望占据圆圈上的一个位置，同队队员不能围绕圆圈占据相邻位置站立。
2.2 Team-mates may not occupy adjacent positions around the circle if an opponent wishes to occupy one of those positions
2.3 然后，裁判员(主(导)栽判员应在两名互为対方队的队员之间将球垂直地向上抛起，其高度要超过任一名跳球队员跳起能达到的高度。
2.3 The official shall then toss the ball vertically upwards between the 2 opponents, higher than either of them can reach by jumping
2.4 在球到达最高点后，必须被至少一名眺球队员的手拍击。
2.4 The ball must be tapped with the hand(s)of at least one of the jumpers after it reaches its highest point.
2.5 在球被合法拍击前，任何一名跳球队员都不得离开他的位置
2.5 Neither jumper shall leave his position until the ball has been legally tapped
2.6 在球接触非跳球队员或地面前，任何一名跳球队员不得抓住球或拍击球超过两次。
2.6 Neither jumper may catch the ball or tap it more than twice until it has touched one of the non-jumpers or the floor.
2.7 如果球没有被任何一名跳球队员拍击到，应重新跳球。
2.7 If the ball is not tapped by at least one of the jumpers, the jump ball shall be repeated
2.8 在球被拍击前，非跳球队员的身体部分不能在中圈的线上或越过中圈的线(圆柱体)（案例3）
2.8 No part of a non-jumper's body may be on or over the circle line (cylinder)before the ball has been tapped
对第2.1、2.4、2.5、2.6和2.8款的违犯是违例。
An infraction of Art. 12.2.1 12.2.4, 12.2.6 and 12.2.8 is a violation
3. 跳球情况 Jump ball situations
3.1 在下述情况时，一次跳球情况出现
3.1 A jump ball situation occurs when
*宣判一次争球;（案例4）
*A held ball is called
*球出界，裁判员们对是谁最后触球拿不准或有不同意见（案例5）
*The ball goes out-of-bounds and the officials are in doubt or disagree about which of the opponents last touched the ball
*在最后一次罚球不成功时，发生了双方罚球违例
*A double free-throw violation occurs during an unsuccessful last free throw
*活球停留在篮和篮板之间;下述情况除外
*A live ball lodges between the ring and the backboard except
--罚球之间;
--Between free throws
--在最后一次罚球后还要在该队前场的掷球入界线掷球入界;
--After the last free throw followed by a throw-in from the throw-in line in the team's frontcourt
*球成死球时既无哪个队已控制球，又无哪个队拥有了球权
*The ball becomes dead when neither team has control of the ball nor is entitled to the ball
*对双方球队的相等罚则被抵消后，如果没有留有其它犯规罚则要执行，以及在第一起犯规或违例之前既无哪个队已控制球，又无哪个队拥有了球权
*After the cancellation of equal penalties against both teams, if there are no other foul penalties remaining for administration and neither team had control of the ball nor was entitled to the ball before the first foul or violation
*除了第1节之外的所有其它各节和所有各決胜期开始。
*All quarters other than the first one and all overtimes are to begin
4. 交替拥有定义 Alternating possession definition
4.1交替拥有是用掷球入界而不是用跳球来使球成为活球的一种方法。
4.1 Alternating possession is a method of causing the ball to become live with a throw-in rather than a jump ball
4.2 交替拥有掷球入界
4.2 Alternating possession throw-in
*开始于:球被执行掷球入界的队员可处理时（案例6）
*Begins when the ball is at the disposal of the player taking the throw-in
*结束于:
*Ends when:
--球接触赛场上的队员或被赛场上的队员合法触及时（案例7）
--The ball touches or is legally touched by a player on the playing court
--执行掷球入界的队发生了违例时;
--The team taking the throw-in commits a violation
--在掷球入界中，活球停留在篮圏和篮板之间时。
--A live ball lodges between the ring and the backboard during a throw
5. 交替拥有程序 Alternating possession procedure
5.1 在所有的跳球情况中，双方球队应交替拥有从距离发生争球地点最近的界外掷球入界的球权。
5.1 In all jump ball situations teams shall alternate possession of the ball for a throw-in from the place nearest to where the jump ball situation occurs
5.2 跳球后，在赛场上未获得控制活球的队应享有第一次交替拥有。
5.2 The team that does not gain control of the live ball on the playing court after the jump ball shall be entitled to the first alternating possession
5.3 在任一节或任一决胜期结束时享有下次交替拥有球权的队，将在下节或下一决胜期开始时，在记录台对侧、中线的延长部分掷球入界，除非有进一步的罚球和球权罚则要执行。
5.3 The team entitled to the next alternating possession at the end of any quarter or overtime shall begin the next quarter or overtime with a throw-in from the centre line extended, opposite the scorers table, unless there are further free throws and a possession penalty to be administered
5.4 应由指向对方球篮的交替拥有箭头来表明享有下次交替拥有掷球入界权的球队。当交替拥有掷球入界结東时，交替拥有的箭头须立即反转。
5.4 The team entitled to the alternating possession throw-in shall be indicated by the alternating possession arrow in the direction of the opponents basket. The direction of the alternating possession arrow shall be reversed immediately when the alternating possession throw-in ends
5.5 某队在交替拥有掷球入界中违例，致使该队交替拥有掷球入界失败。交替拥有箭头的方向须立即反转，指明违例队的对方球队在出现下次争球情况时应享有交替拥有掷球入界权。然后，将球判给违例队的对方球队在原掷球地点掷球入界重新开始比赛。
5.5 A violation by a team during its alternating possession throw-in causes that team to lose the alternating possession throw-in. The direction of the alternating possession arrow shall be reversed immediately, indicating that the opponents of the violating team shall be entitled to the alternating possession throw-in at the next jump ba situation. The game shall then be resumed by awarding the ball to the opponents of the violating team for a throw-in from the place of the original throw-in
5.6 任一队在下列情況时发生了犯规:
5.6 A foul by either team
*除去第1节之外的其它各节或各决胜期开始前:或
*Before the beginning of a quarter other than the first one or an overtime, or
*交替拥有掷球入界中。
*During the alternating possession throw-in,
不使那个享有掷球入界权的队失去该交替拥有的球权。
does not cause the team entitled to the throw-in to lose that alternating possession
6. 规则解释
6.1 陈述Statement
在比赛开始的跳球中，没有在场上获得控制活球的球队应被判给在最靠近下一次跳球情况发生地点的界外掷球入界。
The team that does not gain control of a live ball on the playing court after the opening jump ball at the begin of the game shall be awarded the ball for a throw-in from the place nearest to where the next jump ball situation has occurred.
6.2 举例
主裁判员为比赛开始的跳球抛球，在球刚被跳球队员A1合法拍击之后：
(a) A2和B2被宣判了争球。
(b) A2和B2被宣判了双方犯规。
解释
因为球权尚未建立，裁判员不能用交替拥有程序判给球权。主裁判员应在中圈进行另一次跳球，跳球队员应为A2和B2。在合法的拍球之后，以及在宣判争球／双方犯规之前，比赛计时钟上消耗的时间应有效。
6.2 Example
The crew chief tosses the ball for the opening jump ball. Immediately after the ball is legally tapped by jumper A1:
(a) A held ball between A2 and B2 is called.
(b) A double foul between A2 and B2 is called.
Interpretation
Since the control of a live ball on the playing court has not yet been established, the official cannot use the alternating possession procedure. The crew chief shall administer another jump ball in the centre circle and A2 and B2 shall jump. The time which has passed on the game clock, after the ball is legally tapped and before the held ball/double foul situation is called, shall remain consumed.
6.3 举例
6.3 Example
主裁判员在开始比赛的跳球中抛球。随后球立即被跳球队员A1合法拍击，且球：
The crew chief tosses the ball for the opening jump ball. Immediately after the ball is legally tapped by jumper A1, the ball:
(a) 直接出界。（案例8）
(a) Goes directly out-of-bounds.
(b) 在触及一名非跳球队员或比赛场地之前被A1抓住。（案例9）
(b) Is caught by A1 before it has touched one of the non-jumpers or the playing court.
解释
在两种情况中，作为A1违例的结果，B队被判得掷球入界。如果在后场掷球入界，B队应拥有24秒进攻时间；如果在前场掷球入界，B队应拥有14秒进攻时间。在掷球入界之后，没有在场上获得控制球权的队应拥有在下一次跳球情况发生的最近地点的第1次交替拥有球权。
Interpretation
In both cases, team B is awarded a throw-in as the result of A1 violation. Team B shall have 24 seconds on the shot clock if the throw-in is administered from its backcourt and 14 seconds on the shot clock if from its frontcourt. After the throw-in, the team that does not gain control of the live ball on the playing court shall be entitled to the first alternating possession from the place nearest to where the next jump ball situation occurs.
6.4 举例
根据交替拥有规则，B队有掷球入界的球权。裁判员和／或记录员犯了一个错误，错误地将球判给了A队掷球入界。
解释
一旦球触及一名场上队员或被他所触及，此错误就不能被纠正。作为错误的结果，B队不失去他的交替拥有掷球入界的权利，并且当下一次跳球情况出现时有掷球入界的球权。
6.4 Example
Team B is entitled to a throw-in under the alternating possession procedure. An official and/or a scorer makes an error and the throw-in is erroneously awarded to team A.
Interpretation
Once the ball touches or is legally touched by a player on the playing court, the error cannot be corrected. However, team B shall not lose its right to the next alternating possession throw-in at the next jump ball situation as a result of the error.
6.5 举例
在结束第1节比赛的比赛计时钟信号响起同时，B1被判对A1违反体育运动精神的犯规。A 队拥有第2节开始时的交替拥有掷球入界权。
解释
A1应执行2次不占位的罚球，并且无剩余比赛时间。在２分钟的比赛休息期间之后，应由A队在其前场掷球入界线处掷球入界重新开始比赛，进攻计时钟显示14秒。A队在下一次跳球情况出现时不失去交替拥有掷球入界的权利。
6.5 Example
Simultaneously with the game clock signal for the end of the first quarter, B1 is charged with an unsportsmanlike foul on A1. Team A is entitled to the alternating possession throw-in to begin the second quarter.
Interpretation
A1 shall attempt 2 free throws with no line-up and no playing time remaining. After the 2-minute interval of play, the game shall be resumed with a team A throw-in from the throw-in line in its frontcourt, with 14 seconds on the shot clock. Team A shall not lose its right to the next alternating possession throw-in at the next jump ball situation.
6.6 举例
结束第3节比赛计时钟信号刚响之后，B1被判对A1违反体育运动精神的犯规。A队拥有第4节开始时的交替拥有掷球入界权。
解释
A1应在第4节开始前执行2次不占位罚球。应由A队在其前场掷球入界线处掷球入界开始第4节比赛，进攻计时钟显示14 秒。A队在下一次出现跳球情况时出现时，不失去交替拥有掷球入界的权利。
6.6 Example
Shortly after the game clock signal for the end of the third quarter, B1 is charged with an unsportsmanlike foul on A1. Team A is entitled to the alternating possession throw-in to begin the fourth quarter.
Interpretation
A1 shall attempt 2 free throws before the begin of the fourth quarter with no line-up. The fourth quarter shall begin with a team A throw-in from the throw-in line in its frontcourt, with 14 seconds on the shot clock. Team A shall not lose its right to the next alternating possession throw-in at the next jump ball situation.
6.7 举例
A1持球跳起，球在手中被B1合法封盖。两名队员随后落回球场且双方都有一手或双手紧紧握在球上。（案例10）
解释
应宣判一次争球。
6.7 Example
A1 jumps with the ball in his hands and is legally blocked by B1. Both players then return to the playing court with both of them having 1 hand or both hands firmly on the ball.
Interpretation
A held ball shall be called.
6.8 陈述 Statement
无论什么时间，一个活球夹在篮圈和篮板之间，这是一起带来交替拥有的跳球情况，除非在一个罚球单元的罚球之间，或者作为犯规罚则的一部分罚球之后还有球权。按照交替拥有程序，如果进攻队拥有掷球入界权，则进攻计时钟复位至14秒，如果对方队拥有掷球入界权，则进攻计时钟复位至24秒。
It is a jump ball situation resulting in an alternating possession throw-in, whenever a live ball lodges between the ring and the backboard, unless between free throws and unless after the last free throw followed by a possession of the ball as part of the foul penalty. Under the alternating possession procedure, the shot clock shall show 14 seconds when the offensive team is entitled to a throw-in or 24 seconds when the opposing team is entitled to a throw-in.
6.9 举例
在A1的投篮中，球夹在篮圈和篮板之间，按交替拥有程序： （案例11）
(a) A队拥有掷球入界球权。
(b) B队拥有掷球入界球权。
解释
从端线掷球入界后：
(a) A队应有14秒进攻时间。
(b) B队应有24秒进攻时间。
6.9 Example
During A1 shot for a field goal, the ball lodges between the ring and the backboard.
(a) Team A
(b) Team B
is entitled to a throw-in under the alternating possession procedure.
Interpretation
After the throw-in from the endline:
(a) Team A shall have 14 seconds,
(b) Team B shall have 24 seconds
6.10 举例
当A1 投篮的球在空中时，进攻计时钟信号响，随后球停留在篮圈和篮板之间，按交替拥有程序，A 队拥有掷球入界权。
解释
A 队在端线掷球入界后，A队应拥有14秒进攻时间。
6.10 Example
The ball is in the air during A1 shot for a field goal when the shot clock signal sounds, followed by the ball lodging between the ring and the backboard. Team A is entitled to a throwin under the alternating possession procedure.
Interpretation
After the throw-in from the endline, team A shall have 14 seconds on the shot clock.
6.11 举例
A1在中线掷球入界开始第2节后，球夹在A队前场的篮圈和篮板之间。裁判员宣判这是一起跳球情况。
解释
交替拥有的箭头应立即反转指向B队。应由B队在其后场端线处（直接位于篮板后面除外）掷球入界重新开始比赛。进攻计时钟应复位至24秒。
6.11 Example
After A1 throw-in from the centre line to begin the second quarter, the ball lodges between the ring and the backboard in team A frontcourt. The official calls a jump ball situation.
Interpretation
The direction of the arrow shall be reversed immediately in favour of team B. The game shall be resumed with a team B alternating possession throw-in from the endline, except directly behind the backboard, with 24 seconds on the shot clock.
6.12 举例
交替拥有的箭头指向A队。在第1节之后的比赛休息期间，B1被判对A1一起违反体育运动精神的犯规。A1执行2次不占位的罚球后，由A队在其前场的掷球入界线掷球入界开始第2节的比赛。交替拥有的箭头指向A队保持不变。掷球入界后，球停留在A队前场的篮圈和篮板之间。裁判员宣判这是一次跳球情况。
解释
应由A队在其前场端线处（直接位于篮板后面除外）掷球入界重新开始比赛，进攻计时钟上显示14秒。在A队掷球入界结束后，交替拥有的箭头应立即反转。
6.12 Example
The arrow favours team A. During an interval of play after the first quarter, B1 is charged with an unsportsmanlike foul on A1. A1 attempts 2 free throws with no line-up, followed by a team A throw-in from the throw-in line in its frontcourt to begin the second quarter. The arrow to favour team A remains unchanged. After the throw-in, the ball has lodged between the ring and the backboard in team A frontcourt. The official calls a jump ball situation.
Interpretation
The game shall be resumed with a team A alternating possession throw-in from the endline in its frontcourt, except directly behind the backboard, with 14 seconds on the shot clock. The direction of the arrow shall be reversed immediately after team A throw-in has ended.
6.13 陈述 Statement
当双方球队各有一名或多名队员有一手或两手紧握在球上，以至不采用粗野动作，任一队员就不能获得控制球时，一次争球发生。
A held ball occurs when 1 or more players from opposing teams have 1 hand or both hands firmly on the ball so that neither player can gain control without undue roughness.
6.14 举例
A1持球在手中正在做向球篮移动尝试得分的连续动作，此时B1将他的手紧握在球上以至A1移动的步数超出了带球走规则允许的范围 （案例12）
解释
应宣判一次争球。
6.14 Example
A1 with the ball in his hands is in the continuous motion towards the basket to score. At this moment, B1 places his hands firmly on the ball and A1 takes now more steps than allowed by the traveling rule.
Interpretation
A held ball shall be called.
6.15 陈述 Statement
某队在执行交替拥有掷球入界时发生违例，将致使该队失去该次交替拥有掷球入界的权利。
A violation by a team during its alternating possession throw-in causes that team to lose the alternating possession throw-in.
6.16 举例
第3节比赛计时钟显示4:17，在一次交替拥有掷球入界中：
(a) 掷球入界队员A1在球仍在手上时步入场内。
(b) A2在球传入界线内之前伸手超出界线外去接球。
(c) 掷球入界队员A1超过5秒后才将球掷出。
解释
以上情况均发生掷球入界队违例。球权应给予对方，并在违例发生的初始地点掷球入界重新开始比赛，交替拥有箭头应立即翻转。
6.16 Example
With 4:17 remaining on the game clock in the third quarter, during an alternating possession throw-in:
(a) Thrower-in A1 steps on the playing court while having the ball in his hand(s).
(b) A2 moves his hands over the boundary line before the ball has been thrown-in over the boundary line.
(c) Thrower-in A1 takes more than 5 seconds to release the ball.
Interpretation
In all cases, the team taking the throw-in commits a violation. The ball shall be awarded to the opponents for a throw-in from the place of the original throw-in. The direction of the arrow shall be reversed immediately返回搜狐，查看更多